What I do to fix such problems:
Note that <yoursdcard> is a device and not a partition, so for example sdc

Boot some kind of linux
Open a terminal
Find out what device your sd card is and verify it by using sudo fdisk /dev/<yoursdcard> -l or to get the device name too you could also use sudo parted /dev/<yoursdcard> -l
WARNING: The following command will destroy all data on /dev/<yoursdcard> so make sure that <yoursdcard> is the right device!!!!

Execute sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/<yoursdcard> bs=1000000 count=50
Execute sudo fdisk /dev/<yoursdcard>
Now use the command o to create a new MSDOS partition table on your sdcard, then use the n command to add a new partition and use w to write the changes to your sdcard and exit fdisk
Now use sudo mkfs -t <filesystem you want> /dev/<yoursdcard>1 to format your partition
Now your sdcard should work again
If that doesn't work:
Open terminal
Find out what device <yoursdcard> is
Execute sudo su
Execute echo "0" > /sys/block/<yoursdcard>/ro

Источник: https://superuser.com/questions/1233429/cannot-remove-micro-sd-cards-read-only-attribute-after-ubuntu-image